Basics of Electrical Energy

What is electrical energy?

Electrical energy is the energy produced from the flow or movement of charged particles, like electrons in a circuit. Every atom has three basic components. They are the protons, electrons, and neutrons. Protons are the positively charged particles in an atom, electrons are the negatively charged particles, and neutrons are the particles with no charge at all. The positive charge and negative charges in the proton and neutron attract each other, as you all know, like forces repel and unlike forces attract each other. When the force of attraction between the protons and neutrons is not very strong in an atom, then electrons become free from their orbits with the help of an outside force, and they shift to the nearby atoms. This movement of electrons between atoms produces electricity, also known as electrical energy. This article provides you the most basics of electrical energy.

Basics of Electrical Energy

Basics of Electrical Energy

What is electric current?

Electric current is defined as the flow of electric charge in a circuit. The flow of the charged particles, like electrons in an electric circuit or conductor, produces the electric current. Current, also referred to as the rate of flow of electric charge, is measured in Amperes (A). The symbol of electric current is I.

One ampere is the rate of flow of electric charge at 1 Coulomb per second.

1 A = 1 Coulomb (C)/ 1 Second (s)

I=Q/t,

Where, Q is the charge (in Coulomb), and

t is the time (in seconds).

The commonly used formula for electric current is given by Ohm’s law, which is mentioned in this article below.

What is voltage?

The voltage or potential difference is defined as the electrical potential difference per unit charge between two points in an electric field. Voltage is what helps the electric charges move, or it is the potential difference that assists in the flow of electric current in a circuit.

1 Volt is defined as the electric potential difference between two points when one joule (J) of energy is required to move one Coulomb of electric charge from one point to another. The SI unit of electric potential is called potential difference or electromotive force (emf).

1 Volt = 1 Joule / 1 Coulomb

What is Resistance?

Resistance is the property by which the flow of electrons is opposed. A resistor opposes the flow of electric current in a circuit. Resistance is measured in Ohms.

The factors influencing resistance

The factors that influence resistance are as follows

Ø  Length: The longer the conductor, the larger the resistance.

Ø  Area of cross-section: The thicker conductors have a larger area, and thus less resistance.

Ø  Material: There are various types of materials that have different resistivity, which determine their resistance level.

Ø  Temperature: Resistance increases if the temperature increases.

Ohm’s law

Ohm’s law states that, the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across the conductor, and is inversely proportional to its resistance.

I is directly proportional to V

I is inversely proportional to R

I=V/R,

or, V=IR

Where, I is the current (in Ampere or A),

V is the voltage (in Volts or V), and

R is the resistance (in Ohms or Ω).

CONCLUSION

Electricity provides many important advantages in the modern era. It makes our work easier and faster by reducing labor. Electricity also provides comfort. Electrical energy finds its applications in lighting systems, turning on fans, air conditioners, etc, in residential areas, in industrial areas, in educational institutions, etc.

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